ICT and the Powerful Learning Environment

Compare and contrast the articles by Ed Smeets (2005) and John Robertson (2002). Make suggestions which would help us provide a more meaningful learning environment, based on your own experience of the use of ICT in the schools you have taught in.

The opinion a teacher has of the potential of ICT in the primary classroom often reflects the learning environment that they create. In their research, both Smeets and Robertson notice an overall positive attitude to ICT amongst educationalists in the UK, which is then followed by a lack of active engagement in ICT tasks. Robertson begins his study by outlining the push in expenditure and resourcing for ICT education in UK primary schools between 1981 and 2001, and concludes that this period was, ‘twenty years of relatively major investment and quite limited returns (Robertson p.408).’ It follows, therefore, that Smeets also observes a willingness to accept the importance of ICT in school but an inability to embrace the full potential of it as a learning method.

Smeets discusses the need to create a positive and open learning environment, and the ways in which ICT can be used to foster such an atmosphere. The two forms of ICT program or activity which are discussed in both articles, have been labelled, ‘skill-based’ and ‘open-ended.’ Smeets observes that skill-based software is used substantially more often than the other (Smeets p.350). Within this trend, Smeets findings indicate that this kind of ICT task is most commonly used in presenting learning materials, or as a form of remediation for less-able pupils. The findings of his research show a tendency to use ICT as a tool to serve the teacher’s lesson aims, rather than a gateway to open-ended and self-guided learning. Therefore, the results show a restricted, individualistic use of ICT which simply fits into traditional views of teaching and learning. Smeets asserts the importance of using open-ended applications, which challenge pupils information-processing skills, support co-operative learning and contribute to bridging the gap between school and the ‘real’ world (p.352-3). These programs are important in contributing to a powerful learning atmosphere which gives autonomy back to the learner and challenges their ability to process and analyse information. The study identifies various ways in which a learning environment could be called powerful and learner-centred, most of which allude to collaborative, active and relevant tasks (p.348-9). It is through the process of allowing the child to learn and their own pace and in a way that consolidates the meaning of the activity most effectively for them that a powerful learning environment is achieved.

Though all the teachers involved in Smeet’s study had a positive idea of the use of ICT, his results show that very few of them were able to use ICT to its full potential in contributing to a powerful, challenging and exciting learning environment. Smeets attributes the absence of effective ICT teaching to the teacher’s lack of knowledge and confidence in the subject (p.352). This is however, according to Robertson, merely a complaint added to every new initiative and strategy which teachers willingly yet dispassionately attempt (Robertson p407). Roberston questions the immediate response of educational researchers to investigate ICT in terms of management and teaching styles, funding levels and resource allocation; all rational areas for discussion of school-based issues (p407). His alternative is to offer several “alternative” avenues, which are found in broader, research-based subjects and which produce questions about educational change, gender issues in relation to technology.

Reflection

I have found in my own experience of ICT in schools, that there is some apprehension surrounding the use of ICT programs in any other way than as brief support-materials during a lesson. The majority of teachers use drill and practise software such as word processors and spreadsheets as an add-on to their lessons which will fulfil the ICT quota. However, this use of ICT creates a distinct gap between the use of ICT in school and elsewhere. Teachers must recognise that children are surrounded by opportunities to use ICT and that the skills they require are not those which can always be honed by word processing or creating a powerpoint presentation. Children need to be given the chance to experiment with a range of computer programs and other technologies in order to keep-up with our technologically advancing society. Skills in critical reading, gathering research and co-operative work can all be developed through the use of open-ended ICT activities. The teacher is not required to hand complete responsibility to the learner and must be on-side as a technology user to help understanding and acquisition of skills, but independent learning must be encouraged in order to develop a powerful ad constructive learning environment. I agree with Smeets’ observation that a classroom that encourages engagement and active learning is a place where cross-curricular opportunities are made possible, as learning tasks are generally relevant and ‘real’ to the learner. A good example of an open-ended task would be to create a themed Geography webquest, or to plan an event or trip. These tasks are directed but leave decision-making and discernment to the learner; skills which cannot be developed merely through word processing poetry.

Throughout my school-based training I have seen a lack of ICT being used in schools, and my experience almost directly reflects Smeets’ research findings. It seems that teacher’s general worry is that while ICT is an interesting and incredibly useful learning tool, it is so vast that the tendency is to stick with only one or two programs and strategies within ICT. I was able to use digital photography, interactive whiteboard presentations, CD-Rom searching and sound recording during my placements, and these lessons and activities were met with excitement and enthusiasm from the children. Given the opportunity to experiment with ICT, children’s level of engagement with the topic or task greatly increased, and all children were actively involved in their own learning.

References

Smeets, Ed, ‘Does ICT contribute to powerful learning environments in primary education?’ Computers and Education, 2005

Robertson, John, ‘The ambiguous embrace: twenty years of IT (ICT) in UK primary schools,’ British Journal of Educational Technology, Vol 33 No 4, 2002

Narrow the search options!

I know that this blog is effectively redundant now, but I just had to write a little blurb about my experience of ICT in a French primary school.

Non-existant.

There it is. Plain and simple. Over four weeks, I saw precisely two ICT lessons, and no other ICT was used in any other lessons. There's something lacking! The teacher's were shocked and amazed when I mentioned that most schools in England have IWBs in every classroom. They were equally bewildered by the notion of ICT suites. Though, that said, I'm an advocate of bringing the computers back into the classroom and out of their little specific ICT room.

One ICT lesson I observed was most interesting. Children were using Google to search online for a historical figure they had been learning about. They were given free reign as to which websites they looked at. The school did have a child-safety block on their internet, but what ensued was just hilarious.

The teacher then mentioned a video about the middle ages and asked children to find it using Google. Pretty soon, the whole class was falling about with laughter, watching the 'Jackass in the Middle Ages' clip on YouTube. Not quite the teacher's intention. But by then, it was time for play, and they all left. ICT skills improved any? I'm not convinced!

Penpals?

It seems quite sad that my Nice ICT Blogspot will be defunct in a matter of minutes. Though I haven't made the best use of this tool, it has been useful to read back over the things I have blogged about. I could easily have blogged more frequently with ICT/Education related stories in the news, because it really is all around us. In my experience of SBT1, I have seen ICT used to a certain extent, but perhaps not as an integral part of the school day. This may or may not be a badt thing at KS1, I'm still undecided.

I've found this blog easy to update because I had blogs before - which you can see in my profile page - and have recommended people to the Blogger service because it is easy to understand and use. In all of the things we have studied in our ICT sessions at uni, I have learned more and more how ICT can be used for communication and writing. Blogs are a perfect way to maintain a regular dialogue with your readers on a specific subject, and it is good writing practise for the blogger, too! We can see this progression from simple web-based ramblings, to respected writing in things like the Weblog Awards, and the ever-increasing list of blogs being published as books. So, the blogging process has been a good one.

I have also become a Wiki campaigner. I think they are a fantastic tool! They have a few problems (i'm still a little wary of making things completely public) but are largely very useful. Ideal for coordinating a project or event with people who are across the country, I could see schools connecting with one another by way of a wiki. I have set up another wiki recently, for a slightly silly project that my family decided to embark on, but feel free to take a look - Jacket on a Journey.

More than anything, I have high hopes to get children connecting with one another on school projects, extra curricular stuff, and just generally being able to see what other children their age are doing at school. Because I believe that would make school less of a monotonous daily routine (not that my lessons will ever be monotonous!) and more of an exciting learning process that goes on all over the world! So here's a cartoon by NatalieDee that you have to click on to see all of, but it's kinda fun!

The penultimate week in school

This week in school, I have been using ICT much more in my lessons, though it seems that the school doesn't actually timetable ICT into the week. So, I have had children finding out information on the Great Fire of London using CD-Roms and computer programs, I have created interactive slideshows for maths and literacy lessons, used the ActivPrimary program for the Promethean Whiteboard, and I have shown DVDs and videos in lessons.

I have found powerpoint to be a really useful tool for making simple but effective presentations to help children visualise 2D shapes for example and also in a lesson on alphabetical order. Even though the animations etc are fairly simple in comparison to the capability of the IWB, the children enjoy seeing words zip in and out of the screen, shrink and grow, and change colour.

Working with a year 2 class, I haven't been able to introduce things like discussion boards, blogs, wikis and other web-based ICT, but I am sure there is a time and place for that. In my classroom, the children are all very capable when it comes to finding their way around the computers; there are quite often queues for the computers during choosing time in the afternoon! However, I do not know what level the children are at in terms of ability to use MSOffice programs, for example. At the moment they seem to be working with slightly child-friendly, primary versions of Word and Excel, which is great. In fact, it's probably better than showing them the decidedly business-like Microsoft software anyway. Their time will come!

All in all...

So far, I have used the IWB for maths (unsuccessful, mostly - the number line was a bit confusing and was more a hindrance than a help!) and handwriting (surprisingly, this worked!). In other ICT related news, I've been able to use video, digital photography and CD-roms in my lesssons. It's all going well! The children do respond well to using ICT in lessons, and all are fairly confident using it.

Plans for next week are to have the children photographing different 2D shapes around the school in a maths lesson, and putting together a table of results for a science experiment. They have no experience of using databases yet, so this will be the whole class and the IWB. However, I'm hoping to introduce this as they begin to learn to plan and carry out fair tests.

Today, I spent at least 2 hours trawling the internet for teaching resources, of which there are hundreds. It is really quite stressful. Still, I think I really would be under stress if I was having to desgin all my own resources and IWB activties! So, it's back to the web of delights for me.

Discussion Boards...

I am not an avid user of discussion boards, though I have been in the past. Therefore, my experience of them has been distinctly music/movie/celebrity/craft related; I was discussing interests and hobbies, and it was a choice. The thought of using a discussion board in Primary education is, to me, an interesting one. I don't know how I'd react to being asked by a teacher to spend my own web-surfing time to post some thoughts a subject of their choosing. But then, I cam to university and had to do just that.

In education, the discussion board can be used effectively when tutor-student-peer communication is not very regular, as at university. However, in 5-day week primary timetable, I don't know how efficient setting up a discussion board would be. The teacher would have to moderate it frequently and carefully and that's just making more work for the teacher! Also, I can see problems for children who do not have easy access to high-speed internet at home and would therefore have to take time out of their breaks at school to visit the boards.

All this considered, I can see discussion boards, like wikis, being a very useful tool for larger-scale projects involving more than one class or school. But I don't see how it might be necessary for one class. Children would be better improving their speaking and listening skills in school and learning to use discussion boards to communicate with other people, all over the world, about subjects that really interest them.

A glimmer of hope...

The 'ICT' sections on all of my SBT1 lesson plans so far have been looking pretty pathetic. I've pencilled in non-committal 'some to use computers' and 'digital camera' left, right and centre. However, as I returned to the school today, I found that a shiny IWB had appeared in my classroom. Jubilation! Tomorrow I get to play with it! So, I've spent the evening trawling through pages of maths IWB resources for my lessons and I can't wait to give it a try.

In other news; the blank plans that we have been given to fill in neither lend themselves to being completed on the computer or by hand. They don't print out properly, and they have been created using such basic knowledge of tables etc that it's virtually impossible to plan without shunting various boxes down the page. Frustrating. Roll on the days when paperwork is no longer so necessary and they trust me to teach without individual lesson plans!